Citigroup Bonds

C Stock  USD 58.63  1.02  1.77%   
Citigroup holds a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.91. At present, Citigroup's Net Debt is projected to increase significantly based on the last few years of reporting. The current year's Short Term Debt is expected to grow to about 331.3 B, whereas Short and Long Term Debt is forecasted to decline to about 35.6 B. Citigroup's financial risk is the risk to Citigroup stockholders that is caused by an increase in debt. In other words, with a high degree of financial leverage come high-interest payments, which usually reduce Earnings Per Share (EPS).

Asset vs Debt

Equity vs Debt

Citigroup's liquidity is one of the most fundamental aspects of both its future profitability and its ability to meet different types of ongoing financial obligations. Citigroup's cash, liquid assets, total liabilities, and shareholder equity can be utilized to evaluate how much leverage the Company is using to sustain its current operations. For traders, higher-leverage indicators usually imply a higher risk to shareholders. In addition, it helps Citigroup Stock's retail investors understand whether an upcoming fall or rise in the market will negatively affect Citigroup's stakeholders.
For most companies, including Citigroup, marketable securities, inventories, and receivables are the most common assets that could be converted to cash. However, for the executing running Citigroup the most critical issue when dealing with liquidity needs is whether the current assets are properly aligned with its current liabilities. If not, management will need to obtain alternative financing to ensure that there are always enough cash equivalents on the balance sheet in reserve to pay for obligations.
Price Book
0.5862
Book Value
98.708
Operating Margin
(0.09)
Profit Margin
0.1305
Return On Assets
0.0039
At present, Citigroup's Net Debt is projected to increase significantly based on the last few years of reporting. The current year's Short Term Debt is expected to grow to about 331.3 B, whereas Short and Long Term Debt is forecasted to decline to about 35.6 B.
  
Check out the analysis of Citigroup Fundamentals Over Time.
For information on how to trade Citigroup Stock refer to our How to Trade Citigroup Stock guide.

Citigroup Bond Ratings

Citigroup bond ratings play a critical role in determining how much Citigroup have to pay to access credit markets, i.e., the amount of interest on their issued debt. The threshold between investment-grade and speculative-grade ratings has important market implications for Citigroup's borrowing costs.
Piotroski F Score
4  Poor
Beneish M Score

Citigroup Debt to Cash Allocation

As Citigroup follows its natural business cycle, the capital allocation decisions will not magically go away. Citigroup's decision-makers have to determine if most of the cash flows will be poured back into or reinvested in the business, reserved for other projects beyond operational needs, or paid back to stakeholders and investors. Many companies eventually find out that there is only so much market out there to be conquered, and adding the next product or service is only half as profitable per unit as their current endeavors. Eventually, the company will reach a point where cash flows are strong, and extra cash is available but not fully utilized. In this case, the company may start buying back its stock from the public or issue more dividends.
The company has accumulated 594.3 B in total debt with debt to equity ratio (D/E) of 0.91, which looks OK as compared to the sector. Debt can assist Citigroup until it has trouble settling it off, either with new capital or with free cash flow. So, Citigroup's shareholders could walk away with nothing if the company can't fulfill its legal obligations to repay debt. However, a more frequent occurrence is when companies like Citigroup sell additional shares at bargain prices, diluting existing shareholders. Debt, in this case, can be an excellent and much better tool for Citigroup to invest in growth at high rates of return. When we think about Citigroup's use of debt, we should always consider it together with cash and equity.

Citigroup Common Stock Shares Outstanding Over Time

Citigroup Assets Financed by Debt

Typically, companies with high debt-to-asset ratios are said to be highly leveraged. The higher the ratio, the greater risk will be associated with the Citigroup's operation. In addition, a high debt-to-assets ratio may indicate a low borrowing capacity of Citigroup, which in turn will lower the firm's financial flexibility. Like all other financial ratios, a a Citigroup debt ratio should be compared their industry average or other competing firms.

Citigroup Corporate Bonds Issued

Citigroup issues bonds to finance its operations. Corporate bonds make up one of the most significant components of the U.S. bond market and are considered the world's largest securities market. Citigroup uses the proceeds from bond sales for a wide variety of purposes, including financing ongoing mergers and acquisitions, buying new equipment, investing in research and development, buying back their own stock, paying dividends to shareholders, and even refinancing existing debt. Most Citigroup bonds can be classified according to their maturity, which is the date when Citigroup has to pay back the principal to investors. Maturities can be short-term, medium-term, or long-term (more than ten years). Longer-term bonds usually offer higher interest rates but may entail additional risks.

Citigroup Short Long Term Debt Total

Short Long Term Debt Total

624.01 Billion

At present, Citigroup's Short and Long Term Debt Total is projected to increase significantly based on the last few years of reporting.

Understaning Citigroup Use of Financial Leverage

Citigroup financial leverage ratio helps in determining the effect of debt on the overall profitability of the company. It measures Citigroup's total debt position, including all of outstanding debt obligations, and compares it with the equity. In simple terms, the high financial leverage means the cost of production, together with running the business day-to-day, is high, whereas, lower financial leverage implies lower fixed cost investment in the business and generally considered by investors to be a good sign. So if creditors own a majority of Citigroup assets, the company is considered highly leveraged. Understanding the composition and structure of overall Citigroup debt and outstanding corporate bonds gives a good idea of how risky the capital structure of a business and if it is worth investing in it. Financial leverage can amplify the potential profits to Citigroup's owners, but it also increases the potential losses and risk of financial distress, including bankruptcy, if the firm cannot cover its debt costs. The degree of Citigroup's financial leverage can be measured in several ways, including by ratios such as the debt-to-equity ratio (total debt / total equity), equity multiplier (total assets / total equity), or the debt ratio (total debt / total assets).
Last ReportedProjected for 2024
Short and Long Term Debt Total594.3 B624 B
Net Debt333.4 B350 B
Short Term Debt315.6 B331.3 B
Long Term Debt286.6 B318.9 B
Long Term Debt Total244.4 B299.6 B
Short and Long Term Debt37.5 B35.6 B
Long Term Debt To Capitalization 0.57  0.46 
Total Debt To Capitalization 0.74  0.70 
Debt Equity Ratio 2.88  2.20 
Debt Ratio 0.24  0.20 
Cash Flow To Debt Ratio 0  0 
Please read more on our technical analysis page.

Pair Trading with Citigroup

One of the main advantages of trading using pair correlations is that every trade hedges away some risk. Because there are two separate transactions required, even if Citigroup position performs unexpectedly, the other equity can make up some of the losses. Pair trading also minimizes risk from directional movements in the market. For example, if an entire industry or sector drops because of unexpected headlines, the short position in Citigroup will appreciate offsetting losses from the drop in the long position's value.

Moving together with Citigroup Stock

  0.83NU Nu Holdings Aggressive PushPairCorr
The ability to find closely correlated positions to Citigroup could be a great tool in your tax-loss harvesting strategies, allowing investors a quick way to find a similar-enough asset to replace Citigroup when you sell it. If you don't do this, your portfolio allocation will be skewed against your target asset allocation. So, investors can't just sell and buy back Citigroup - that would be a violation of the tax code under the "wash sale" rule, and this is why you need to find a similar enough asset and use the proceeds from selling Citigroup to buy it.
The correlation of Citigroup is a statistical measure of how it moves in relation to other equities. This measure is expressed in what is known as the correlation coefficient, which ranges between -1 and +1. A perfect positive correlation (i.e., a correlation coefficient of +1) implies that as Citigroup moves, either up or down, the other security will move in the same direction. Alternatively, perfect negative correlation means that if Citigroup moves in either direction, the perfectly negatively correlated security will move in the opposite direction. If the correlation is 0, the equities are not correlated; they are entirely random. A correlation greater than 0.8 is generally described as strong, whereas a correlation less than 0.5 is generally considered weak.
Correlation analysis and pair trading evaluation for Citigroup can also be used as hedging techniques within a particular sector or industry or even over random equities to generate a better risk-adjusted return on your portfolios.
Pair CorrelationCorrelation Matching
When determining whether Citigroup offers a strong return on investment in its stock, a comprehensive analysis is essential. The process typically begins with a thorough review of Citigroup's financial statements, including income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements, to assess its financial health. Key financial ratios are used to gauge profitability, efficiency, and growth potential of Citigroup Stock. Outlined below are crucial reports that will aid in making a well-informed decision on Citigroup Stock:
Check out the analysis of Citigroup Fundamentals Over Time.
For information on how to trade Citigroup Stock refer to our How to Trade Citigroup Stock guide.
Note that the Citigroup information on this page should be used as a complementary analysis to other Citigroup's statistical models used to find the right mix of equity instruments to add to your existing portfolios or create a brand new portfolio. You can also try the Price Transformation module to use Price Transformation models to analyze the depth of different equity instruments across global markets.

Complementary Tools for Citigroup Stock analysis

When running Citigroup's price analysis, check to measure Citigroup's market volatility, profitability, liquidity, solvency, efficiency, growth potential, financial leverage, and other vital indicators. We have many different tools that can be utilized to determine how healthy Citigroup is operating at the current time. Most of Citigroup's value examination focuses on studying past and present price action to predict the probability of Citigroup's future price movements. You can analyze the entity against its peers and the financial market as a whole to determine factors that move Citigroup's price. Additionally, you may evaluate how the addition of Citigroup to your portfolios can decrease your overall portfolio volatility.
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Is Citigroup's industry expected to grow? Or is there an opportunity to expand the business' product line in the future? Factors like these will boost the valuation of Citigroup. If investors know Citigroup will grow in the future, the company's valuation will be higher. The financial industry is built on trying to define current growth potential and future valuation accurately. All the valuation information about Citigroup listed above have to be considered, but the key to understanding future value is determining which factors weigh more heavily than others.
Quarterly Earnings Growth
(0)
Dividend Share
2.08
Earnings Share
4.04
Revenue Per Share
36.63
Quarterly Revenue Growth
(0.09)
The market value of Citigroup is measured differently than its book value, which is the value of Citigroup that is recorded on the company's balance sheet. Investors also form their own opinion of Citigroup's value that differs from its market value or its book value, called intrinsic value, which is Citigroup's true underlying value. Investors use various methods to calculate intrinsic value and buy a stock when its market value falls below its intrinsic value. Because Citigroup's market value can be influenced by many factors that don't directly affect Citigroup's underlying business (such as a pandemic or basic market pessimism), market value can vary widely from intrinsic value.
Please note, there is a significant difference between Citigroup's value and its price as these two are different measures arrived at by different means. Investors typically determine if Citigroup is a good investment by looking at such factors as earnings, sales, fundamental and technical indicators, competition as well as analyst projections. However, Citigroup's price is the amount at which it trades on the open market and represents the number that a seller and buyer find agreeable to each party.

What is Financial Leverage?

Financial leverage is the use of borrowed money (debt) to finance the purchase of assets with the expectation that the income or capital gain from the new asset will exceed the cost of borrowing. In most cases, the debt provider will limit how much risk it is ready to take and indicate a limit on the extent of the leverage it will allow. In the case of asset-backed lending, the financial provider uses the assets as collateral until the borrower repays the loan. In the case of a cash flow loan, the general creditworthiness of the company is used to back the loan. The concept of leverage is common in the business world. It is mostly used to boost the returns on equity capital of a company, especially when the business is unable to increase its operating efficiency and returns on total investment. Because earnings on borrowing are higher than the interest payable on debt, the company's total earnings will increase, ultimately boosting stockholders' profits.

Leverage and Capital Costs

The debt to equity ratio plays a role in the working average cost of capital (WACC). The overall interest on debt represents the break-even point that must be obtained to profitability in a given venture. Thus, WACC is essentially the average interest an organization owes on the capital it has borrowed for leverage. Let's say equity represents 60% of borrowed capital, and debt is 40%. This results in a financial leverage calculation of 40/60, or 0.6667. The organization owes 10% on all equity and 5% on all debt. That means that the weighted average cost of capital is (.4)(5) + (.6)(10) - or 8%. For every $10,000 borrowed, this organization will owe $800 in interest. Profit must be higher than 8% on the project to offset the cost of interest and justify this leverage.

Benefits of Financial Leverage

Leverage provides the following benefits for companies:
  • Leverage is an essential tool a company's management can use to make the best financing and investment decisions.
  • It provides a variety of financing sources by which the firm can achieve its target earnings.
  • Leverage is also an essential technique in investing as it helps companies set a threshold for the expansion of business operations. For example, it can be used to recommend restrictions on business expansion once the projected return on additional investment is lower than the cost of debt.
By borrowing funds, the firm incurs a debt that must be paid. But, this debt is paid in small installments over a relatively long period of time. This frees funds for more immediate use in the stock market. For example, suppose a company can afford a new factory but will be left with negligible free cash. In that case, it may be better to finance the factory and spend the cash on hand on inputs, labor, or even hold a significant portion as a reserve against unforeseen circumstances.

The Risk of Financial Leverage

The most obvious and apparent risk of leverage is that if price changes unexpectedly, the leveraged position can lead to severe losses. For example, imagine a hedge fund seeded by $50 worth of investor money. The hedge fund borrows another $50 and buys an asset worth $100, leading to a leverage ratio of 2:1. For the investor, this is neither good nor bad -- until the asset price changes. If the asset price goes up 10 percent, the investor earns $10 on $50 of capital, a net gain of 20 percent, and is very pleased with the increased gains from the leverage. However, if the asset price crashes unexpectedly, say by 30 percent, the investor loses $30 on $50 of capital, suffering a 60 percent loss. In other words, the effect of leverage is to increase the volatility of returns and increase the effects of a price change on the asset to the bottom line while increasing the chance for profit as well.