This module uses fundamental data of Bank of America to approximate the value of its Beneish M Score. Bank of America M Score tells investors if the company management is likely to be manipulating earnings. The score is calculated using eight financial indicators that are adjusted by a specific multiplier. Please note, the M Score is a probabilistic model and cannot detect companies that manipulate their earnings with 100% accuracy. Check out Bank of America Piotroski F Score and Bank of America Altman Z Score analysis.
At present, Bank of America's Long Term Debt Total is projected to decrease significantly based on the last few years of reporting. The current year's Debt To Equity is expected to grow to 1.84, whereas Short and Long Term Debt Total is forecasted to decline to about 241.9 B. At present, Bank of America's PTB Ratio is projected to increase slightly based on the last few years of reporting. The current year's Book Value Per Share is expected to grow to 38.14, whereas Price To Sales Ratio is forecasted to decline to 2.18.
At this time, it appears that Bank of America is an unlikely manipulator. The earnings manipulation may begin if Bank of America's top management creates an artificial sense of financial success, forcing the stock price to be traded at a high price-earnings multiple than it should be. In general, excessive earnings management by Bank of America executives may lead to removing some of the operating profits from subsequent periods to inflate earnings in the following periods. This way, the manipulation of Bank of America's earnings can lead to misrepresentations of actual financial condition, taking the otherwise loyal stakeholders on to the path of questionable ethical practices and plain fraud.
The cure to earnings manipulation is the transparency of financial reporting. It will typically remove the temptation of the top executives to inflate earnings (i.e., to promote the idea of 'winning at any cost'). Because a healthy internal audit department can enhance transparency, the board should promote the auditors' access to all the record-keeping systems across the enterprise. For example, if Bank of America's auditors report directly to the board (not management), the managers will be reluctant to manipulate simply due to the fear of punishment. On the other hand, the auditors will be free to investigate the ledgers properly because they know that the board has their back.
One of the toughest challenges investors face today is learning how to quickly synthesize historical financial statements and information provided by the company, SEC reporting, and various external parties in order to detect the potential manipulation of earnings. Understanding the correlation between Bank of America's different financial indicators related to revenue, expenses, operating profit, and net earnings helps investors identify and prioritize their investing strategies towards Bank of America in a much-optimized way. Analyzing correlations between earnings drivers directly associated with dollar figures is the most effective way to find Bank of America's degree of accounting gimmicks and manipulations.
M-Score is one of many grading techniques for value stocks. It was developed by Professor M. Daniel Beneish of the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University and published in 1999 under the paper titled The Detection of Earnings Manipulation. The Beneish score is a multi-factor model that utilizes financial identifiers to compile eight variables used to classify whether a company has manipulated its reported earnings. The variables are built from the officially filed financial statements to create a final score call 'M Score.' The score helps to identify companies that are likely to manipulate their profits if they show deteriorating gross margins, operating expenses, and leverage against growing revenue.
Other Operating Expenses
33.95 Billion
At present, Bank of America's Other Operating Expenses is projected to increase significantly based on the last few years of reporting.
Bank of America Earnings Manipulation Drivers
Although earnings manipulation is typically not the result of intentional misconduct by the c-level executives, it is still a widespread practice by the senior management of public companies such as Bank of America. It is usually done by a series of misrepresentations of various accounting rules and operating activities across multiple financial cycles. The best way to spot the manipulation is to examine the historical financial statement to find inconsistencies in earning reports to find trends in assets or liabilities that are not sustainable in the future.
Some studies have found that companies with high sustainability scores are getting higher valuations than competitors with lower social-engagement activities. While most ESG disclosures are voluntary and do not directly affect the long term financial condition, Bank of America's sustainability indicators can be used to identify proper investment strategies using environmental, social, and governance scores that are crucial to Bank of America's managers, analysts, and investors.
Environment Score
Governance Score
Social Score
About Bank of America Fundamental Analysis
The Macroaxis Fundamental Analysis modules help investors analyze Bank of America's financials across various querterly and yearly statements, indicators and fundamental ratios. We help investors to determine the real value of Bank of America using virtually all public information available. We use both quantitative as well as qualitative analysis to arrive at the intrinsic value of Bank of America based on its fundamental data. In general, a quantitative approach, as applied to this company, focuses on analyzing financial statements comparatively, whereas a qaualitative method uses data that is important to a company's growth but cannot be measured and presented in a numerical way.
One of the main advantages of trading using pair correlations is that every trade hedges away some risk. Because there are two separate transactions required, even if Bank of America position performs unexpectedly, the other equity can make up some of the losses. Pair trading also minimizes risk from directional movements in the market. For example, if an entire industry or sector drops because of unexpected headlines, the short position in Bank of America will appreciate offsetting losses from the drop in the long position's value.
The ability to find closely correlated positions to Bank of America could be a great tool in your tax-loss harvesting strategies, allowing investors a quick way to find a similar-enough asset to replace Bank of America when you sell it. If you don't do this, your portfolio allocation will be skewed against your target asset allocation. So, investors can't just sell and buy back Bank of America - that would be a violation of the tax code under the "wash sale" rule, and this is why you need to find a similar enough asset and use the proceeds from selling Bank of America to buy it.
The correlation of Bank of America is a statistical measure of how it moves in relation to other instruments. This measure is expressed in what is known as the correlation coefficient, which ranges between -1 and +1. A perfect positive correlation (i.e., a correlation coefficient of +1) implies that as Bank of America moves, either up or down, the other security will move in the same direction. Alternatively, perfect negative correlation means that if Bank of America moves in either direction, the perfectly negatively correlated security will move in the opposite direction. If the correlation is 0, the equities are not correlated; they are entirely random. A correlation greater than 0.8 is generally described as strong, whereas a correlation less than 0.5 is generally considered weak.
Correlation analysis and pair trading evaluation for Bank of America can also be used as hedging techniques within a particular sector or industry or even over random equities to generate a better risk-adjusted return on your portfolios.
When determining whether Bank of America offers a strong return on investment in its stock, a comprehensive analysis is essential. The process typically begins with a thorough review of Bank of America's financial statements, including income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements, to assess its financial health. Key financial ratios are used to gauge profitability, efficiency, and growth potential of Bank Of America Stock. Outlined below are crucial reports that will aid in making a well-informed decision on Bank Of America Stock:
For information on how to trade Bank Stock refer to our How to Trade Bank Stock guide.Note that the Bank of America information on this page should be used as a complementary analysis to other Bank of America's statistical models used to find the right mix of equity instruments to add to your existing portfolios or create a brand new portfolio. You can also try the Investing Opportunities module to build portfolios using our predefined set of ideas and optimize them against your investing preferences.
Complementary Tools for Bank Stock analysis
When running Bank of America's price analysis, check to measure Bank of America's market volatility, profitability, liquidity, solvency, efficiency, growth potential, financial leverage, and other vital indicators. We have many different tools that can be utilized to determine how healthy Bank of America is operating at the current time. Most of Bank of America's value examination focuses on studying past and present price action to predict the probability of Bank of America's future price movements. You can analyze the entity against its peers and the financial market as a whole to determine factors that move Bank of America's price. Additionally, you may evaluate how the addition of Bank of America to your portfolios can decrease your overall portfolio volatility.
Use Price Transformation models to analyze the depth of different equity instruments across global markets
Is Bank of America's industry expected to grow? Or is there an opportunity to expand the business' product line in the future? Factors like these will boost the valuation of Bank of America. If investors know Bank will grow in the future, the company's valuation will be higher. The financial industry is built on trying to define current growth potential and future valuation accurately. All the valuation information about Bank of America listed above have to be considered, but the key to understanding future value is determining which factors weigh more heavily than others.
Quarterly Earnings Growth
(0.19)
Dividend Share
0.94
Earnings Share
2.9
Revenue Per Share
11.664
Quarterly Revenue Growth
(0.03)
The market value of Bank of America is measured differently than its book value, which is the value of Bank that is recorded on the company's balance sheet. Investors also form their own opinion of Bank of America's value that differs from its market value or its book value, called intrinsic value, which is Bank of America's true underlying value. Investors use various methods to calculate intrinsic value and buy a stock when its market value falls below its intrinsic value. Because Bank of America's market value can be influenced by many factors that don't directly affect Bank of America's underlying business (such as a pandemic or basic market pessimism), market value can vary widely from intrinsic value.
Please note, there is a significant difference between Bank of America's value and its price as these two are different measures arrived at by different means. Investors typically determine if Bank of America is a good investment by looking at such factors as earnings, sales, fundamental and technical indicators, competition as well as analyst projections. However, Bank of America's price is the amount at which it trades on the open market and represents the number that a seller and buyer find agreeable to each party.