International Z Score

IBM Stock

USD 125.29 1.92 1.56%

Altman Z Score is one of the simplest fundamental models to determine how likely your company is to fail. The module uses available fundamental data of a given equity to approximate the Altman Z score. Altman Z Score is determined by evaluating five fundamental price points available from the company's current public disclosure documents. Check out International Business Piotroski F Score and International Business Valuation analysis. To learn how to invest in International Stock please use our How to Invest in International Business guide.

International Business Return on Invested Capital is very stable at the moment as compared to the past year. International Business reported last year Return on Invested Capital of 0.029. As of 26th of March 2023, Invested Capital is likely to grow to about 85.9 B, while Capital Expenditure is likely to drop (2 B). International Business Net Income Common Stock is very stable at the moment as compared to the past year. International Business reported last year Net Income Common Stock of 1.64 Billion. As of 26th of March 2023, Net Loss Income from Discontinued Operations is likely to grow to about 154.3 M, while Selling General and Administrative Expense is likely to drop about 18.5 B.

International Z Score Analysis

International Business' Z-Score is a simple linear, multi-factor model that measures the financial health and economic stability of a company. The score is used to predict the probability of a firm going into bankruptcy within next 24 months or two fiscal years from the day stated on the accounting statements used to calculate it. The model uses five fundamental business ratios that are weighted according to algorithm of Professor Edward Altman who developed it in the late 1960s at New York University..

	2020	2021	2022	2023 (projected)
Consolidated Income	5.59 B	5.74 B	1.64 B	1.68 B
Direct Expenses	38.05 B	25.86 B	27.84 B	39.73 B

Consolidated Income Direct Expenses

Z Score

Sum Of

5 Factors

More About Z Score | All Equity Analysis

Current International Business Z Score

2.6

Most of International Business' fundamental indicators, such as Z Score, are part of a valuation analysis module that helps investors searching for stocks that are currently trading at higher or lower prices than their real value. If the real value is higher than the market price, International Business Machines is considered to be undervalued, and we provide a buy recommendation. Otherwise, we render a sell signal.

First Factor

1.2 * (

Working Capital

Total Assets )

Second Factor

1.4 * (

Retained Earnings

Total Assets )

Thrid Factor

3.3 * (

EBITAD

Total Assets )

Fouth Factor

0.6 * (

Market Value of Equity

Total Liabilities )

Fifth Factor

0.99 * (

Revenue

Total Assets )

International Z Score Driver Correlations

Understanding the fundamental principles of building solid financial models for International Business is extremely important. It helps to project a fair market value of Ford stock properly, considering its historical fundamentals such as Z Score. Since International Business' main accounts across its financial reports are all linked and dependent on each other, it is essential to analyze all possible correlations between related accounts. However, instead of reviewing all of International Business' historical financial statements, investors can examine the correlated drivers to determine its overall health. This can be effectively done using a conventional correlation matrix of International Business' interrelated accounts and indicators.

	Accounts Payable	Total Assets	Current Assets	Cash and Equivalents	Total Debt	Debt Current	Deferred Revenue	Shareholders Equity	Investments Current	Total Liabilities	Current Liabilities	Tax Assets	Tax Liabilities
Accounts Payable		-0.56	0.89	0.36	-0.84	0.27	0.34	-0.23	0.76	-0.57	0.8	-0.54	0.88
Total Assets	-0.56		-0.49	0.23	0.89	0.26	0.06	0.58	-0.58	0.98	-0.18	0.56	-0.43
Current Assets	0.89	-0.49		0.54	-0.71	0.27	0.23	-0.35	0.92	-0.46	0.79	-0.59	0.84
Cash and Equivalents	0.36	0.23	0.54		-0.05	0.33	0.21	0.12	0.35	0.23	0.58	0.05	0.42
Total Debt	-0.84	0.89	-0.71	-0.05		0.04	-0.24	0.4	-0.65	0.9	-0.54	0.54	-0.72
Debt Current	0.27	0.26	0.27	0.33	0.04		0.2	0.18	0.2	0.25	0.51	-0.17	0.11
Deferred Revenue	0.34	0.06	0.23	0.21	-0.24	0.2		0.31	-0.09	-0.01	0.63	0.01	0.56
Shareholders Equity	-0.23	0.58	-0.35	0.12	0.4	0.18	0.31		-0.51	0.4	-0.13	0.1	-0.28
Investments Current	0.76	-0.58	0.92	0.35	-0.65	0.2	-0.09	-0.51		-0.52	0.54	-0.72	0.64
Total Liabilities	-0.57	0.98	-0.46	0.23	0.9	0.25	-0.01	0.4	-0.52		-0.17	0.6	-0.41
Current Liabilities	0.8	-0.18	0.79	0.58	-0.54	0.51	0.63	-0.13	0.54	-0.17		-0.22	0.87
Tax Assets	-0.54	0.56	-0.59	0.05	0.54	-0.17	0.01	0.1	-0.72	0.6	-0.22		-0.32
Tax Liabilities	0.88	-0.43	0.84	0.42	-0.72	0.11	0.56	-0.28	0.64	-0.41	0.87	-0.32

Click cells to compare fundamentals

To calculate Z-Score one would need to know current working capital of the company, its total assets, and liabilities, amount of latest retained earnings as well as earnings before interest and tax. Z-Score can be used to compare the odds of bankruptcy of companies in a similar line of business or firms operating in the same industry. Companies with Z-Scores above 3.1 are generally considered to be stable and healthy with a low probability of bankruptcy. Scores that fall between 1.8 and 3.1 lie in a so-called 'grey area' with scores of less than 1, indicating the high probability of distress. Z Score is used widely by financial auditors, accountants, money managers, loan processers, wealth advisers, as well as day traders. In the last 25 years, many financial models that utilize z score has been proved to be successful as a predictor of corporate bankruptcy.

Competition

Predict International Business

According to the company's disclosures, International Business Machines has a Z Score of 2.6. This is 80.67% lower than that of the IT Services sector and 66.58% lower than that of the Information Technology industry. The z score for all United States stocks is 70.18% higher than that of the company.

International Z Score Peer Comparison

Stock peer comparison is one of the most widely used and accepted methods of equity analyses. It analyses International Business' direct or indirect competition against its Z Score to detect undervalued stocks with similar characteristics or determine the stocks which would be a good addition to a portfolio. Peer analysis of International Business could also be used in its relative valuation, which is a method of valuing International Business by comparing valuation metrics of similar companies.

International Business is currently under evaluation in z score category among related companies.

International Business Current Valuation Drivers

We derive many important indicators used in calculating different scores of International Business from analyzing International Business' financial statements. These drivers represent accounts that assess International Business' ability to generate profits relative to its revenue, operating costs, and shareholders' equity. Below are some of International Business' important valuation drivers and their relationship over time.

	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023 (projected)
Net Income Per Employee	24.89 K	24.57 K	14.85 K	18.67 K	5.26 K	5.4 K
Revenue Per Employee	227.01 K	201.01 K	195.63 K	186.44 K	194.44 K	228.94 K
Average Assets	123.07 B	146.85 B	154.43 B	142.91 B	128.47 B	141.37 B
Earnings Before Interest Taxes and Depreciation Amortization EBITDA	16.55 B	16.89 B	12.21 B	13.44 B	7.03 B	7.22 B
Earnings Before Interest Taxes and Depreciation Amortization USD	16.55 B	16.89 B	12.21 B	13.44 B	7.03 B	7.22 B
Earnings before Tax	11.35 B	9.49 B	4.23 B	5.87 B	1.01 B	1.04 B
Average Equity	18.32 B	18.23 B	20.59 B	21.11 B	20.12 B	21.22 B
Enterprise Value	138.49 B	179.98 B	168 B	171.04 B	173.23 B	168.7 B
Free Cash Flow	11.53 B	12.4 B	15.15 B	10.41 B	8.57 B	9.89 B
Invested Capital	80.01 B	100.87 B	100.03 B	78.41 B	74.63 B	85.87 B
Invested Capital Average	81.26 B	100.15 B	99.89 B	84.95 B	75.99 B	86.63 B
Market Capitalization	103.3 B	118.71 B	112.17 B	119.87 B	127.38 B	128.05 B
Tangible Asset Value	84.03 B	78.73 B	88.47 B	63.85 B	60.11 B	65.04 B
Working Capital	10.92 B	719 M	(704 M)	(4.08 B)	(2.39 B)	(2.45 B)

International Business ESG Sustainability

Some studies have found that companies with high sustainability scores are getting higher valuations than competitors with lower social-engagement activities. While most ESG disclosures are voluntary and do not directly affect the long term financial condition, International Business' sustainability indicators can be used to identify proper investment strategies using environmental, social, and governance scores that are crucial to International Business' managers, analysts, and investors.

Environment Score

Governance Score

Social Score

International Business Institutional Holders

Institutional Holdings refers to the ownership stake in International Business that is held by large financial organizations, pension funds or endowments. Institutions may purchase large blocks of International Business' outstanding shares and can exert considerable influence upon its management. Institutional holders may also work to push the share price higher once they own the stock. Extensive social media coverage, TV shows, articles in high-profile magazines, and presentations at investor conferences help move the stock higher, increasing International Business' value.

	Last Transaction	Type	Shares	Value
Vanguard Group Inc	2022-12-31	Common Shares	80.1 M	11.3 B
State Street Corp	2022-12-31	Common Shares	53.4 M	7.5 B
Wells Fargo Company	2022-12-31	Common Shares	4.8 M	679.8 M
Ubs Asset Management Americas Inc	2022-12-31	Common Shares	4.5 M	634.4 M
Swiss National Bank	2022-12-31	Common Shares	3.7 M	517.2 M
Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Holdings Inc	2022-12-31	Common Shares	3 M	428.8 M
Ubs Group Ag	2022-12-31	Common Shares	3 M	425 M
Stifel Financial Corp	2022-12-31	Common Shares	1.8 M	258.2 M
Victory Capital Management Inc	2022-12-31	Common Shares	1.2 M	170.5 M
State Board Of Administration Of Florida Retirement System	2022-12-31	Common Shares	1 M	142.4 M
Susquehanna International Group Llp	2022-12-31	Common Shares	993.4 K	140 M

International Fundamentals

	Return On Equity	0.09 %
	Return On Asset	0.0365 %
	Profit Margin	0.0271 %
	Operating Margin	0.12 %
	Current Valuation	179.75 B
	Shares Outstanding	896.32 M
	Shares Owned by Insiders	0.10 %
	Shares Owned by Institutions	59.44 %
	Number of Shares Shorted	25.98 M
	Price to Earning	24.45 X
	Price to Book	6.75 X
	Price to Sales	2.11 X
	Revenue	60.53 B
	Gross Profit	32.69 B
	EBITDA	7.03 B
	Net Income	1.64 B
	Cash and Equivalents	7.89 B
	Cash per Share	10.58 X
	Total Debt	46.19 B
	Debt to Equity	2.67 %
	Current Ratio	0.95 X
	Book Value Per Share	24.22 X
	Cash Flow from Operations	10.44 B
	Short Ratio	6.15 X
	Earnings Per Share	6.09 X
	Price to Earnings To Growth	1.28 X
	Target Price	146.13
	Number of Employees	288.3 K
	Beta	0.85
	Market Capitalization	112.3 B
	Total Asset	127.24 B
	Retained Earnings	161.45 B
	Working Capital	8.23 B
	Current Asset	42.5 B
	Current Liabilities	34.27 B
	Z Score	2.6
	Annual Yield	0.05 %
	Five Year Return	4.80 %
	Net Asset	127.24 B
	Last Dividend Paid	6.59

About International Business Fundamental Analysis

The Macroaxis Fundamental Analysis modules help investors analyze International Business Machines's financials across various querterly and yearly statements, indicators and fundamental ratios. We help investors to determine the real value of International Business using virtually all public information available. We use both quantitative as well as qualitative analysis to arrive at the intrinsic value of International Business Machines based on its fundamental data. In general, a quantitative approach, as applied to this company, focuses on analyzing financial statements comparatively, whereas a qaualitative method uses data that is important to a company's growth but cannot be measured and presented in a numerical way.

Please read more on our fundamental analysis page.

International Business Machines Corporation provides integrated solutions and services worldwide. International Business Machines Corporation was incorporated in 1911 and is headquartered in Armonk, New York. International Business operates under Information Technology Services classification in the United States and is traded on New York Stock Exchange. It employs 282100 people.

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Check out International Business Piotroski F Score and International Business Valuation analysis. To learn how to invest in International Stock please use our How to Invest in International Business guide. Note that the International Business information on this page should be used as a complementary analysis to other International Business' statistical models used to find the right mix of equity instruments to add to your existing portfolios or create a brand new portfolio. You can also try Alpha Finder module to use alpha and beta coefficients to find investment opportunities after accounting for the risk.

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When running International Business price analysis, check to measure International Business' market volatility, profitability, liquidity, solvency, efficiency, growth potential, financial leverage, and other vital indicators. We have many different tools that can be utilized to determine how healthy International Business is operating at the current time. Most of International Business' value examination focuses on studying past and present price action to predict the probability of International Business' future price movements. You can analyze the entity against its peers and financial market as a whole to determine factors that move International Business' price. Additionally, you may evaluate how the addition of International Business to your portfolios can decrease your overall portfolio volatility.

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Is International Business' industry expected to grow? Or is there an opportunity to expand the business' product line in the future? Factors like these will boost the valuation of International Business. If investors know International will grow in the future, the company's valuation will be higher. The financial industry is built on trying to define current growth potential and future valuation accurately. All the valuation information about International Business listed above have to be considered, but the key to understanding future value is determining which factors weigh more heavily than others.

Quarterly Earnings Growth

0.151

Dividend Share

6.59

Earnings Share

6.089

Revenue Per Share

67.057

Return On Assets

0.0365

The market value of International Business is measured differently than its book value, which is the value of International that is recorded on the company's balance sheet. Investors also form their own opinion of International Business' value that differs from its market value or its book value, called intrinsic value, which is International Business' true underlying value. Investors use various methods to calculate intrinsic value and buy a stock when its market value falls below its intrinsic value. Because International Business' market value can be influenced by many factors that don't directly affect International Business' underlying business (such as a pandemic or basic market pessimism), market value can vary widely from intrinsic value.

Please note, there is a significant difference between International Business' value and its price as these two are different measures arrived at by different means. Investors typically determine International Business value by looking at such factors as earnings, sales, fundamental and technical indicators, competition as well as analyst projections. However, International Business' price is the amount at which it trades on the open market and represents the number that a seller and buyer find agreeable to each party.

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International Z Score

International Z Score Analysis

Current International Business Z Score

International Z Score Driver Correlations

International Z Score Peer Comparison

International Business Current Valuation Drivers

International Business ESG Sustainability

International Business Institutional Holders

International Fundamentals

About International Business Fundamental Analysis

Be your own money manager

Did you try this?

Run Price Exposure Probability Now

Price Exposure Probability

Becoming a Better Investor with Macroaxis

Build Optimal Portfolios

Align your risk with return expectations

Complementary Tools for International Stock analysis

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